ARK has experienced personnel to perform subsurface exploration projects in all most all types of geologic environments as part of remedial investigations. These investigations include delineation of contaminants from various sources, detailed geologic mapping, well surveys, in-situ and laboratory permeability testing, and seismic risk analyses.

ARK personnel have the expereince to oversee installation monitoring wells with subcontrators; nationwide. These subsurface soil and groundwater investigations can be conducted under various locaL state, and federal protocols.

ARKs subsurface investigation approach involves the use of both intrusive and non- intrusive techniques to cost-effectively determine the type, severity, and extent of contamination, and the controlling subsurface geologic pathways. Depending on the size of the project and the site features, geophysical and soil gas surveys may be used with a limited soil and groundwater sampling program to help guide additional studies. ARKs geophysical capabilities are discussed in more detail in Underground Storage Tank Investigations and Removal Oversight.

ARK has developed procedures for gathering real-time soil and groundwater contamination data so that contaminant delineation can be accomplished more rapidly. This saves ARKs clients millions of dollars in investigation expenses and decreases time from project initiation to final site closure. With the use of both Hydropunch and Geoprobe-type technologies along with field analytical testing, the minimum number of monitoring wells can be used to define the extent of contamination, while keeping long- term monitoring costs down.

When additional phases of field investigation are required, ARK utilizes three-dimensional subsurface visualization technology to identify the optimum location to gather additional subsurface data for complete contaminant delineation. In addition, this technology is used in estimating quantities of contaminants that must be removed to accomplish cleanup objectives.